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Same-sex sexual relationships have been decriminalized but are still considered taboo by the majority of the population in Iraq. Many LGBT people in the country suffer from discrimination, abuse, honor killings, and murder. Uniformed Iraqi police officers have carried out lethal attacks on homosexual people. The government of the Netherlands declared in 2012 that no place in Iraq was safe for LGBT persons.〔("The Netherlands opens its doors to LGBT Iraqis", ''Gay Star News'', reported by Andrew Potts, 14 July 2012 )〕 It has been reported that the Iraqi government and militia are conspiring to exterminate LGBT people.〔("Baghdad's persecuted gays have nowhere to hide", ''BBC News'', 11 September 2012 )〕〔("Why Iraq is one of the world's most dangerous places to be gay", ''Gay Star News'', reported by Omar Kuddus, 21 September 2012 )〕〔("Up to 100 killed in Iraq gay and emo massacre", ''Gay Star News'', reported by Dan Littauer, 9 March 2012 )〕 The United States Department of State in 2009 said, "We absolutely condemn acts of violence and human rights violations committed against individuals in Iraq because of their sexual orientation or gender identity." == Criminal code: Ba'athist == Iraq was given a ban on homosexuality, defined in the penal code as sodomy, while under British rule. The ban was initially maintained when Iraq achieved its Independence in 1932, but was subsequently removed by 1969, if not sometime earlier. The Criminal Code of 1969, enacted by the Ba'athist party, only criminalized sexual behavior in cases of adultery, incest, rape, prostitution, public acts or cases involving fraud or someone unable to give consent due to age or mental defect. Homosexuality per se was not a crime, but could be justification for government discrimination and harassment under laws designed to protect national security and public morality. In addition to the Criminal Code, the Ba'athist regime, especially under Saddam Hussein, would issue additional resolutions on specific topics. Sodomy was re-criminalized by a 1988 resolution, but only when it involved prostitution. (Prostitution Law No. 8 of 1988 ). After the war with Iran, Saddam Hussein felt that he needed to move away from his earlier image as an Arab secularist, in favor of being a champion of traditional Islamic values. In the early 1990s, schools were required to teach traditional Islamic values, alcoholic beverages had to be removed from public and several nightclubs were shut down for promoting prostitution..〔("Iraq Bans Public Use of Alcohol", ''New York Times'', 21 August 1994 )〕 Nightclubs accused of harboring prostitutes were closed,〔 All of these resolutions were part of a larger campaign to consolidate support among the socially conservative factions within Iraqi society. It was during this same period that organized attacks on LGBT people began to increase. In the United Nations, the Iraqi delegation cited religion at the time as their reasoning for opposing efforts to have the international body support gay rights, challenging the widely held view of Saddam as a secularist.〔''Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq'', authored by Kanan Makiya, University of California Press, 2008, page 215〕 The practice of "honor killings" was legalized by the Iraqi government, and, in 1995, Saddam created a new paramilitary group that would publicly torture and execute LGBT people, as well as women who had sex outside of marriage. In 2001, the IRCC Resolution 234 of 2001 was enacted that established the death penalty for adultery, being involved with prostitution, and anyone who, "Commits the crime of sodomy with a male or female or who violates the honor of a male or female without his or her consent and under the threat of arm or by force in a way that the life of the victim (male or female) is threatened."〔http://gjpi.org/wp-content/uploads/rcc-resolution-234-of-2001.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「LGBT rights in Iraq」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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